Transformer why ac

One of the great advantages of AC over DC for electric-power distribution is that it is much easier to step voltage levels up and down with AC than with DC. The Solid works model of an AC transformer consists of a C-Core, two inner coils and two outer coils, as shown in Figure 1.

Within this simulation, the frequency of the AC Magnetic study was set to be 50 Hz. The simulated model composed of a Core, two inner coils, two outer coils, an inner air around coils and an outer coil. The properties of the materials are summarized in Table 1. Table 1 - Materials used in the EMS simulation. In this simulation, the two inner and the two outer coils are modeled as wound coils. They operate at 50 Hz. Figure 2 illustrates the current entry and exit of the inner and outer coils.

Coils properties Number of turns and current are presented in Table 2. Meshing is a very crucial step in the design analysis. The fundamental principle that allows transformers to change the voltage of alternating current is the direct relationship between the ratio of loops of wire in the primary winding to the secondary winding and the ratio of the primary voltage to the output voltage.

The ratio between the number of turns or loops in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil is known as the turns ratio. The turns ratio establishes the following relationship with voltage:. This is known as a "step-down" transformer, because it lowers, or steps down, the voltage. The table below shows common types of transformers used on the electrical grid.

The one to one transformer will have equal values for everything and is used mainly for the purpose of providing DC isolation. A step down transformer will have a higher primary voltage than secondary voltage, but a lower primary current value than its secondary component. In the case of the step up transformer, the primary voltage will be lower than the secondary voltage, meaning a greater primary current than the secondary component.

Under ideal conditions the voltage and current change by the same factor for any transformer, which explains why the primary power value is equal to the secondary power value for each case in the above table. As one value decreases the other increases to keep at a constant equilibrium power level. Transformers can be extremely efficient. However, a transformer will always output a slightly lower power than its input, as losses cannot be eliminated completely. You can determine the time constant of an RLC circuit by hand or with a circuit simulator.

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For circuit board designs that perform well and can be manufactured without errors, follow these PCB component placement tolerances. A typical AC to DC transformer. Previous Article.